Moneyanatomy - personal finance blog

Thursday, April 19, 2018

Equal weighted ETFs - better or worse than regular index ETFs?




What are equal weighted index finds?

If you look at the components of an index fund such as S&P500, you will see that large companies are overrepresented. Even if  the index holds 500 companies they are not equally represented.

As you see below in the example of SPY ETF which tracks S&P 500 index, Apple comprises 3.94% of the index and the top 10 holdings represent not 10% but 20% of the index.




Here is the example of QQQ and Apple stock is also overrepresented. The top 10 holdings represent over 50% of the ETF value.  





An equal weighted index fund will hold the same set of companies as its underlying index but the value amount be equally distributed.  

RSP is the equal weighted ETF corresponding to SPY and QQQE is the equal weighted ETF corresponding to QQQ.
The expense ratios are higher due to higher turnover and the equal weighted ETFs may produce more capital gain distributions. But are they a better choice for the investor?

The non-equal weighted indexes are weighted by market capitalization. When a stock is increasing in price, the index will increase the amount of stock that is going up. If the stock goes down, the index will decrease the amount of stock held. Basically it is going with the trend.

The equal weighted indexes are more contrarian. The funds are divided equally between all held stocks. If a stock goes down in price, it will be bought and the opposite with the rising in price stocks - they will be sold to keep the equal shares.
This will lead to sell high and buy low. It also may lead to keep buying a stock which will never get up again. But since one possible big loser stock will only be 1/500 the risk is contained. During the recession when the stock prices are going down, more stocks will be bought at a lower price  buy the equal weighted ETFs compared to the non-equal weighted ETFs.

How did their performance compared during last recession? 
 
Here is SPY compared to RSP. This timeframe includes year 2009.





However in the last 5 years there is no significant difference in performance.  
 


 

And in the last year the non-equal weighted SPY outperformed the equal weighted RSP.




 

Now let's compare QQQ and QQQE. In this case the non-weighted QQQ over performed the equal-weighted QQQE in the long term.





The same for the last 5 years:





And for the last year:




Whatever the explanation is, the results are variable.

The expense ratios for equal weighted ETFs are higher (SPY 0.09%, RSP 0.20%, QQQ 0.20% and QQQE 0.35%).

The main advantage of the equal weighted ETFs appears to be in the diversification - they are more diversified compared to the non-weighted ETFs.  









Wednesday, April 11, 2018

Happy 44!!!






My 44th birthday is this month. 
Starting this challenge 102 has an interesting effect on me. It is always present in the background (very faintly) and its presence made me make some new decisions. For example I started to take my health more seriously and recently I even started going to a gym.

My daughter asked me not to die at all. I couldn't promise that. She asked me why my granduncle is still alive. I said that it is because he is always happy. He also was married several times because his wifes just keep dying before him. They were all much younger then him, like 30 years younger: he is 100, she is 70...
Then my daughter asked me to stay happy always so that I will never die.  I just told her that I am working on that... I might have to take some happy pills like in the image above.





Tuesday, April 10, 2018

After death check list





This checklist should make the processes you have to deal with after someone's death easier.

It is helpful to keep all important information in one place and let the person close to you know where you keep it. It is helpful if the information is updated as soon as something changes.


Immediate steps:

1. Contact close family and friends.

2. Contact the deceased's treating physician.

3. Contact the deceased's lawyer.

4. If deceased had minor children or other dependents, arrange care for them.

5. Arrange care for pets if any.

6. Locate will/letter of instructions- this will go to the layer.

7. Locate durable power of attorney and/or living will.

8. Locate instructions for funeral or memorial services.


Next steps:

1. Order (at least 5) certified copies of death certificate. The copies can be requested by funeral director, local department of Health or State department of health or the Vital Statistics office of the state. Usually one copy is needed per each transfer of each major asset (like car, land or bank account) but also insurances or annuities. Ask if non-certified copy is sufficient or if a certified copy can be returned.

2. Locate list of all assets (bank accounts, insurance policies, annuities).

3. Locate deposit box.

Safety deposit box access after death in TN:
T.C.A. § 45-2-905
(c) Upon the death of the sole or last surviving lessee of a safe deposit box, access is authorized as follows:
(1) The duly qualified executor or administrator of the lessee may have access to and remove contents from the safe deposit box, without inventory unless an inventory is required by the lessor or by court order;
(2) In order to search for and remove any written instrument purporting to be the lessee's last will and testament, or any writing relating to a burial plot or burial instructions, or any writing purporting to be an insurance policy on the life of the lessee, a lessor shall permit a person named in a court order for that purpose, or if no order has been served upon the lessor, the lessee's spouse, parent, adult sibling or adult descendant, or a person named as executor in a copy of the lessee's purported will provided to the lessor, or any person with a right of access to the safe deposit box immediately prior to the death of the lessee, to open the safe deposit box with an officer or employee of the lessor and remove the documents. A record of items removed from the box by the person authorized entry shall be made by the lessor and the other person. If a purported will is found that does not name as executor the person conducting the will search with the lessor's representative, the lessor may make a copy thereof and mail or deliver it to the executor named therein, or to the court having jurisdiction of the decedent's estate according to the decedent's domicile as declared in the instrument; and
(3) If an executor or administrator of the lessee's estate has not requested access to the contents within sixty (60) days following the lessee's death, the lessor may then permit access by the surviving spouse or any next-of-kin of the lessee for the purposes of inventory and the removal of contents. Prior to removal, an officer or employee of the lessor and the surviving spouse or next-of-kin of the lessee shall inventory the contents of the box and prepare a record thereof to be retained by the lessor.

4. Forward mail.

5. If you are the executor of the will, locate all documents necessary for paying the property taxes and the final tax return. The administrator of the estate must pay any taxes owed by the decedent at his death or owed by the estate until it closes.

If there anything going through probate, in TN the executor cannot represent himself in probate court and you will need help of probate attorney.

There is no time limit to file the will with the probate court in TN.
The executor:

1. Has responsibility to inventory the estate and provide that inventory to the probate court.
2. Pay all bills and obligation the estate has pending before distributing assets.
3. TN does not require all wills to be probated. The probate will be necessary for all assets which are solely in descendants name.
4. See link for probate exceptions (non-probable assets).



List of documents to locate:

Legal papers:

1. Will/Trust
2. Final instruction letter, durable power of attorney, living will
3. Pre-paid funeral contracts
4. Social security number or card
5. Birth certificates of all family members
6. Marriage certificates
7. Driver’s license / passport

Access information:
1. Passwords to computer, cell phone
2. Home security system information


Deeds and titles:
1. Real estate property deeds
2. Mortgage document
3. Any loans
7. Vehicle titles and registrations (car, RV)



Insurances:

1. Insurance policies (life, accidental, disability with death rider)
2. Employers or pension insurance
3. Health, dental, long term care insurance
4. Property insurance (car, home)
5. Annuities

If you can recover insurance documentation, use TN online recovery services


Financial accounts:


1. Bank accounts (checking, savings, CDs)
2. Investments/brokerage accounts
3. Retirement accounts (401k, IRAs)
4. Stock and bonds certificates if any
5. Credit card accounts


Keep monthly bank statements of all individual and joint accounts that show the account balance on the day of death which will be needed for the last individual and for the estate tax return.


Other accounts:


1. Professional memberships
2. Magazine and other subscriptions
3. Social media accounts
4. Honorable discharge papers for a veteran and/or VA claim number (if veteran)




Organizational:


1. List of all recurring bills with due dates and how they are usually paid
 (electricity, heating, water, garbage, lawn care, cable, Netflix, house alarm, cell phone, land line, car and home insurance)
2. Loans (mortgage, car loans)
3. All credit cards
4. Cancel services which are no longer needed (cell phone)

Executor:
 - Keep detailed records of all bills paid
 - Contact probate attorney. With the will and the executor named, the attorney will have the document admitted to the probate court. If you have probatable assets  inventory of all assets will be made and will be filed with the probate court.



Cancel:
1. Cancel no longer needed services (cell phone ect)
2. Credit and debit cards (after cancelling services or  transferring recurring bills to your accounts).
3. Driver’s licence
4. Email and social media accounts



Change:
1. I the deceased was beneficiary on your bank and investment accounts, insurances, annuities and retirement accounts (401k, IRAs) change the beneficiary.
2. Change utility bills in your name (if applicable).

  

Who do you need to notify and ask for death or survivor benefits if available:

When calling keep records of date called and requirements.

1. Social security administration (notify of death and apply for death or survivor benefits. The payment of the month of the death must be returned, contact the bank to return that payment. That will be prorated to reflect only the lived portion of the month. There is also a one-time payment of $255 to the survivor).

2. Medicare (If deceased received Medicare the Social Security office will notify it. If the deceased was enrolled in Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage (Part D), Medicare Advantage plan or had a Medigap policy, contact these plans to cancel). Medicare in TN: (TennCare) estate recovery - submit form (money used by TennCare for care you received while you were living will be recovered from the estate with Estate Recovery program).

3. Health insurance (make sure the coverage of the dependents continues).

4. All insurance companies (car, life, long term care, disability... ask for any unused premium to be returned to you).

5. Employer (ask for any possible death benefits or pensions and ask if pension benefit includes survivor payments).

6. If the death was result of criminal act, contact  Criminal Injuries Compensation Program which helps with costs of medical services, loss of earnings, burial costs, and other financial losses incurred as a direct result of personal injuries sustained by a criminal offense. Eligible crimes generally include, but are not limited to, homicide, aggravated assault, sexual assault, robbery by force, and drunk driving.

7.  Credit Bureaus (Equifax, Experian and Transunion) - no benefits, just notify

  

Estate Taxes:

Federal government imposes an estate tax on the value of estate property (except trusts). Starting in 2016 the IRS requires those with estates exceeding $5.45 million in assets to pay estate taxes.

Starting in 2016 there is no state estate/inheritance tax in TN.






Monday, April 2, 2018

What is the difference between estate tax and inheritance tax?



The estate tax is assessed before the assets are given to the beneficiary or beneficiaries. It is paid from the estate money before the estate is distributed to the beneficiaries.

As of 2018 the combined gross assets have to exceed $5.6 million. 
The inheritance tax applies after the assets have been inherited. It is paid from the inherited money and each beneficiary pays it on the received amount.

Not all states have inheritance tax. TN has none.  



Based on that information, taxes are not going to be the reason for me to set up a trust if the estate value is less than $5.6 million (in 2018).
However making the most of your assets are non-probatable is not a way to avoid estate tax. For example, half of the amount in a WROS account will be inherited money which can trigger estate tax if the amount is high enough.  




Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Why MONEYANATOMY?

This blog is more of a documentation of what I do for myself and I am not purposely writing for public.

I noticed that when I research an issue I go through a lot of information. When I write it down, I can understand and process it much better.

The possibility to keep all my notes in one place, well organized and accessible from practically everywhere - that what I use this blog for. 

If you accidentally found and are reading my blog, that is fine with me and will gladely share what I know or what I think.
I hope it will be to your benefit and you will enjoy it.



Since that blog is basically a byproduct of my own organizing process, I don't care if it gets popular or not.

I prefer to stay incognito mostly because I am talking about money...



Anyway, if you happened to stumble upon this blog, you are welcome! 

Yours,
XX





Monday, January 15, 2018

Challenge "cash flow" update 2017





Challenge "cash flow" update 2017

For the year 2017 the overall investment income (realized gains, dividends and interest) were slightly over $49,000.
This almost covers the calculated yearly expenses of $50,000 (which I calculated with a nice comfort margin) and my number of $49,000 comes close to the challenge status "swimming". 

Below is the graph with income per month for 2017.


      2017



Below here is the SPY monthly return in %. 



SPY 2017




Since I didn't reach $50,000 in 2017 I didn't reach the "swimming" status of my challenge. Maybe next year. But it is nice to know that in 2017 I have basically covered my expenses with non-work income.


The numbers are pre-tax and will be taxed at the highest % bracket. But if I was not having any other income, the taxes would be much lower and that still should have covered my bare-bone expenses (if I take out all the margin for entertainment, dining and travel).  




 
 









Tuesday, December 5, 2017

Update on how much do I need to stop worrying




While I was working on organizing my non-probatable assets, I read few personal finance blogs.

All say about the same:
Trinity study is obviously the best or the most popular study to determine your withdrawal rate to make sure the money will last trough the retirement time. And that is 4% withdrawal rate on $3,000,000 saved.

Some people, especially in the comments section, were concerned about market downturns which no one can ever predict.

That made me think about the market downturns.
I went to the stock charts and checked how deep did the market go while recent market "crushes".

The drawdown was about 50% for indexes. It was more variable for stocks. 

Here are some of my thoughts on how to combat that:

Option 1: The downturns are temporary. I can sit them out.
Especially if I accumulated for many years and the average price will not be the top price. The 50% decrease will be  from the top price (and not from the average price) and that will not be as critical after years of accumulating. 
   
Option 2: I can increase my magic number from $3,000,000 to $5-6,000,000. That number appears to be difficult to reach, because I don't know if I even reach the $3,000,000. And I will have to call it the "super-magic number".

But if the downturn is about 50% only from the top price and it might be only about 30% from the average, I might need only approximately 30% increase in the magic number and that will be approximately $4,000,000. This is still very far out but looks more doable.

Option 3: I could create an additional source of income. Dividends would be one option. Dividends, in most cases, are paid during marked downturns and can help to bridge that time. I can't think of any other realistic options working full time.





Monday, November 20, 2017

Working on non-probatable assets





After writing the last post end of last month about making all my assets non-probatable, I am still working on it. 

Some of the accounts I just needed to check and verify that the accounts are set up as WROS (that was not visible online or on statements and I had to call and verify).

On other accounts I had to verify all beneficiaries.


Some of the changes are taking long time and are still not completed. 
One of my accounts is TIC (tenants in common) and I filled out and mailed the paperwork to change it to WROS already twice. The first was incomplete, the second time they claim they never received my letter with completed addition which I mailed 2.5 weeks ago and asked me to mail it one more time. 
I am filling it out now for the third time but I will not mail it anymore. I suspect sloppiness on their part because I personally mailed this letter from the USPS office and the other letter mailed at the same time did arrive at other recipient. This time I will scan it to them. That all just takes time. 

We also didn't have time yet to change the title of the third cat to both of our names. Everything else is done.
One account left and one car.
That will be completed sometime soon.

The next task is working on reorganizing and updating all password data and insurance information. 

Update 02/01/2018
The only thing left is one truck. 

Update 07/09/2021
The old truck is replaced by a new one and something funny happened when we were buying it. 
All assets should be non-probatable now. 




Friday, October 27, 2017

Autopay - when is it useful?

As part of preparation for some of the adverse life events (such as death or incapacitation) I posted an article with a plan which describes the preparation steps.

Liabilities is one of the categories on that plan.

 




It is useful to have a list with all bills and corresponding payment information so if necessary, the family members can find out easily which bills are payed when and how. 

Here are some examples: 
List of all credit cards 
Electricity
Security
Internet services
Cell phone
Cable/Netflix
Car insurance
Any other services you subscribe to 

I am using a list like this one:




Almost all of my bills are on autopay. They are paid automatically either from a checking account or from a credit card. The credit cards themselves are also on autopay. 

This autopay option is great to have when we go on vacation - no need to worry about  bills becoming overdue

And autopay should provide you time in case you will have to reorganize the payments after an event.

Almost all my bills are on autopay to a credit card (which gives 1% back on anything). I have one particular credit card which I use for bills only. This credit card is kept safely at home. I never take it with me anywhere or use it for anything else. 
I just don't want to go trough the hassle to call up every company on this autopay list in case the number gets stolen. 

When the card is close to the expiration date, it is easy to just get out the list and to update every account on the list with the new credit card expiration date. For those updates I use a list like that:







I usually pick a day in between the due dates, activate my new card and update everything in one day. 





Do I need a trust? Are there other ways to avoid probate?

As you can see from the previous post I am in the process of organizing everything so that in case of death there is a plan instead of a confusion. 

As I was going though the assets, a question arose if I should have a trust. I know that one of my friends has a trust. He had to work quite a bit with his lawyer to set it up.  When he wanted to make some changes, he had to work with the lawyer again. 
Is this hassle worth my time and money? 





The main reason to have a trust is to avoid probate. Probate is a court supervised process at the end of which the assets will be distributed to heirs. The probate processes can be long and costly and may require a probate attorney. 

If assets are only in the deceased name, everything will go to probate. Probate takes time and money.  Depending on where you live, probate process can cost 10% or more of your gross assets. 

Having a will is not a way around it. The will has to go trough probate. 

The purpose of a living trust is to avoid probate and to reduce attorney fees. Setting up a trust requires time and attorney consultation. All accounts should be re-titled to the trust. 

It sounds like a trust is good solution, but let see first if really everything goes to probate and if it is possible to avoid probate without having a trust? 

There actually some non-probatable assets which do not go trough probate at all. 


Probatable assets
Property owned solely by descendant (real estate, car, bank accounts, insurance and also thighs like jewelry, collectibles, furniture).

Non-probatable assets:

1. Property held in joint tenancy or as tenants by the entirety.
2. Bank and brokerage accounts held as tenants with right of survivorship (WROS), or with transfer on death (TOD) or payable on death (POD) beneficiaries.

3. Life insurance and retirement accounts with designated beneficiaries. 

4. Property held in a trust.


Based on that, almost all my assets can be made non-probatable. 
All our insurances and retirement accounts have designated beneficiaries. 
Almost all other accounts are WROS. 
And almost all property is held joint, except one of cars which is very old. 
I would not even know which additional assets I would  put into the trust, because I don't have any other assets. 

It looks like I don't need a trust if the only reason to have it is to avoid probate. 
Few things which might still go to probate are very few like that old car. What I will do next is to make sure that all accounts and assets are non-probatable (see the to do list below).   


Here is a to do list if you want to avoid probate on most of your assets and don't want to bother with a trust:

1. Have both spouses names on all checking and savings accounts.
2. Have all brokerage accounts as Joined With Right Of Survivorship (WROS).
3. Have designated beneficiaries for all your retirement accounts (401k, IRAs, and other including HSA).
4. Have designated beneficiaries on life insurance.
5. Make sure that all property (house, cars, land) are owned jointly.
6. If you have any other assets or accounts, check if similar rules apply to those assets.


If you want to add your child to the deed of the house or as joint owner on the brokerage account, the half of the account or house value will be immediately considered a "gift" and will trigger gift tax. Since the threshold for the estate is relatively high, it might be a better decision not to add children as joined owners.


In summary,
For a childless couple to make all assets non-probatable will be enough and a trust will not be needed. Unless they care enough about the person who will inherit the estate to save him/her the hassle and costs of the probate.

For a couple with children where the child will (most likely) not be a joined owner of the assets, a probate may be useful. We have a child and later this year I will look into the trusts. 
So far I know that setting up a trust requires a lot of time for transferring all assets (including changing property deeds) into the trust and the lawyer fees of approximately $4,000-5,000.    



Planning for AFTER retirement - do I need to do anything?







Planning for retirement takes time.
What about planning for after that? 
Or what about if you die even before you get a chance to retire? 
Should you care?

You might not care very much if you should die first. But if your spouse dies first, do you have a plan? 

So again, should you care?
If your spouse dies, being organized will help you.
If you die first, being organized will help your spouse. 
If you both die at the same time, it will help your children.

The death will either come as sudden and unexpected or as slow, protracted, and expected.

For the sudden option, it is definitely good to have everything prepared and set. There will be no time to ask questions or change anything. 
For the slow option you might have time, but you may be busy with other issues related to the sickness. 


It is good to just bring everything in order as soon as possible. After that, to stay current, updates will be needed as soon as something changes or at least once a year at the time of tax preparation.

I would separate the preparation in following categories.
1. Assets (mainly property and bank accounts).
2. Liabilities (mainly recurring bills and credit cards).
The additional category which is not directly connected to money but still important is 
3. Account access (logins and passwords).


1. Assets
If assets are only in the deceased name, everything will go to probate. Probate takes time and money.  Depending on where you live, probate process can cost 10% or more of your gross assets. 

I am in process of organizing our assets. We have a will, power or attorney and the living will. 
We don't have a trust. But do we really need one? See my answer to this question here.    


2. Liabilities
Recurring bills billed to a joint checking account should not be a problem. Those which a billed to a credit card account which only one one of the spouses owns might become difficult. See how I am organizing this here.


3. Account access (logins and passwords).
With some services you may need to log in to change the billing information. Some people recommend secure or locked apps to keep all passwords. It is a good solution, but remember you will also need the password to that app to open it. I think a paper copy kept secure somewhere in the house is still a good back up option.   


It will take some time to set up everything, but slowly one thing after another, working with a good to do list it could be done. I am giving myself 2-3 months to get it all finished.